// Author:  Keith Shomper
// Date:    9/26/03
// Purose;  To demonstrate the for loop, review arrays, demonstrate iomanip, and
//          demonstrate nested loops by counting the letters in a character array

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main() {
	const int SIZE = 80;
	int       cnt = 0, pos;
	char      phrase[SIZE];

	noskipws(cin);

	// prompt the user for a phrase
	cout << "What phrase would you like to search on for letters?\n-->  ";
	for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
		cin >> phrase[i];
		if (phrase[i] == '\n') {
			break;
		}
	}

	// Note the "I", "T" and "M" of ITEM all happen in the next line 
	for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; ++c ) { 

		// initialize the while loop control variable
		pos = 0;

		// get a count of the current letter, c
		while (pos != SIZE) {
			
			// attempt to find the letter in the string
			while (pos < SIZE && phrase[pos++] != c);

			if (pos == SIZE) {
				;        // do nothing, we're getting ready to exit the loop
			} else {
				++cnt;   // count the letter
				++pos;   // start the new search at the next letter
			}
		}

		// report how many times the current letter appears and reset the count
		if (cnt > 0) {
			cout << "The letter " << c << " appears " << cnt << " time(s)." 
				<< endl;
			cnt = 0;
		}

		// The upper and lower case alphabet is split in the ASCII code by the
		// symbols '[', '\', ']', '^', '_' and '`', so when we get to 'Z', we
		// need to advance the current character forward to '`', so the next
		// character will be an 'a'
		if (c == 'Z') c = '`';
	}

	return 0;
}