// Purpose:  To demonstrate printing with printf()
// Author:   Keith Shomper
// Date :    9 Oct 2008
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main () 
{
	string s1;      // A C++-style string (a.k.a. a standard string)
	char   s2[80];  // A C-style string (i.e., character array)
	int    i;
	double d;
	char   c;

	// Get some values to work with
	cout << "Please enter a string:  ";
	getline(cin, s1, '\n');

	cout << "Please enter an integer:  ";
	cin  >> i;

	cout << "Please enter a floating point value:  ";
	cin  >> d;

	cout << "Please enter a character:  ";
	cin  >> c;

	// Print the string in quotations
	// Note:  the variable s is a C++-style string (a.k.a a standard string)
	//        so it needs to be converted to a C-style string for use with
	//        printf(); we do this with the .c_str() function
	printf("The string you entered is:  \"%s\"\n", s1.c_str());

	// Print the integer in various bases and formats
	printf("The integer %d has the value %o in base 8 (or octal) \n\tand %X in " \
	        "base 16 (or hexidecimal)\n", i, i, i);
	printf("The integer %d can also be printed with leading spaces \n\t " \
	        "like -%5d- and with leading zeros like %05d\n", i, i, i);
				
	// Print the double in various formats
	printf("The double %f when expressed in scientific notation is %e\n", d, d);
	printf("\tThe number of decimal points can also be controlled as with " \
	       "currency $%5.2f\n", d);			
			
	// Print the character in various formats
	printf("The character %c has the ASCII representation of %u\n", c, c);
	
	// Finally, show how a number can be turned into a string using sprintf() by
	// "printing" an equation to the C-style string s2
	sprintf(s2, "%d * %d = %d?\n", i, i, i*i);
	
	// Reassign the value of s1 and then concatenate the new string s2 onto s1
	// and print the new s1 using the "regular" C++ output object cout
	s1 = "Did you know that ";
	s1 += s2;
	cout << s1;

   return 0;
}