C++- and C-Style Strings

• Strings
  • Making strings available in your programs
    • #include <string>
    • Note:  strings are also part of <iostream>
  • Conceptual View:  A string has two parts:
    • Contents
    • Length
    • Note:  C++ strings do not have the terminating null character (e.g., '\0') as do string constants and old-style C strings.
  • Declaration:
    • Strings are declared as other fundamental variables
    • Examples:  string s, str, prompt = "Please enter a number";
    • Note:  strings cannot be initialized by characters (even if they contain only one element)
      • Initialize single character strings as:  string one_char = "a";
  • Input
    • Via an input stream
      • By default "white space" terminates the input of a string
      • Example
    • Via assignment
      • Strings can be assigned as other fundamental objects
      • Strings can be appended to (using the '+' operator)--called concatenation
  • Member Functions (briefly explain difference between member and non-member functions)
    • int size()
    • string substr(start, length)
    • int find(substr, start)
    • void getline(stream, string, term_char)
    • [] operator
  • Examples
    • Examples of various string member functions:  strex.cpp
    • Examples using getline():  str.cpp
• Questions